![]() This has been confirmed by looking at a tissue sample removed during a biopsy or surgery. PM1 means that cancer measuring more than 0.2 mm has spread to another part of the body. This is seen on scans or felt by the doctor. The cells are found by laboratory tests.ĬM1 means the cancer has spread to another part of the body. But cancer cells are present in the blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes far away from the breast. M0 means that there is no sign that the cancer has spread.ĬM0(i+) means there is no sign of cancer spread to a different part of the body on physical examination or scans. Metastasis (M) describes whether the cancer has spread to a different part of the body. pN3c means there are cancer cells in lymph nodes above the collarbone.pN3b means there are cancer cells in lymph nodes in the armpit and lymph nodes behind the breastbone.pN3a means there are cancer cells in 10 or more lymph nodes in the armpit and at least one is larger than 2 mm, or there are cancer cells in the nodes below the collarbone.There is no evidence of cancer in the lymph nodes in the armpit. ![]() pN2b means there are cancer cells in the lymph nodes behind the breastbone (the internal mammary nodes), which have been seen on a scan or felt by the doctor.pN2a means there are cancer cells in 4 to 9 lymph nodes in the armpit, and at least one is larger than 2 mm.pN1c means there are cancer cells in 1 to 3 lymph nodes in the armpit and in the sentinel lymph nodes behind the breastbone.pN1b means there are cancer cells in the sentinel lymph nodes behind the breastbone (the internal mammary sentinel nodes).pN1a means that there are cancer cells in 1 to 3 lymph nodes in the armpit and at least one is larger than 2 mm.They are larger than 0.2 mm but are less than 2 mm. pN1mi means the cancer cells in the lymph nodes are very small.PN0 means there are no cancer cells in any nearby nodes or only small clusters of cancer cells less than 0.2 mm across (isolated tumour cells). PNX means it is not possible to assess the lymph nodes for example, if they were previously removed. ![]() This is a simplified description of the pathological node staging for breast cancer. There are several stages in the pathological node staging.
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